Manipulative Technologies in Russian Mass-Media: the Analyses of the Coverage the Political Elections on the Example of Russian Presidential Election, March 2012

<p>This research is devoted to studying of methods of manipulation by public consciousness in mass media. We have considered the history of emergence and development of manipulative methods. Also, the theoretical base has been presented and put into practice on the basis of which it is possible to analyze the manipulative activities of print media. The analysis enabled us to discover and systematize the means used to manipulate texts on political themes in &quot;Rossiyskaya Gazeta&quot; and &quot;Novaya Gazeta&quot;.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to identify and systematize the methods of manipulating the mass consciousness , used in the media during the election campaign for the presidency of the Russian Federation in 2012 .</p><p>In connection with the objective stated above, the following tasks were:</p><p>1. Describe the main approaches to understanding the phenomenon of manipulation;</p><p>2 . Consider the features of the communications which promote the implementation of the manipulative influence in the print media;</p><p>3 . Identify and characterize the means of manipulative influence in publications devoted to the campaign for Russian president in 2012 ;</p><p>4 . Identify the mechanisms for implementing the public consciousness of certain social and political attitudes.</p><p>In this study we have used the following methods:</p><p>1. Descriptive (for organizing, classifying, and summarizing the results of the study);</p><p>2 . Content analysis ( for detection and characterization of the strategies and tactics of manipulation used in journalistic texts) ;</p><p>3 . Comparative method (to identify the features of &nbsp;communicative policy of the newspaper analyzed by us, that is to define the dominant strategy and tactics manipulative influence, as well as the connection between their choices and particular of the target audience Publishing).</p><p>The empirical base of the study. We have examined the journalistic texts published on the pages of &nbsp;&quot;Rossiyskaya Gazeta&quot; and &quot;Novaya Gazeta&quot; during the election campaign in 2012 for the post of President of the Russian Federation, as well as research scientists in the field of the issue before us.</p><p>Having conducted this study we came to the following conclusions:</p><p>1. Most active struggle for the reader&#39;s consciousness in our case leads opposition newspaper &quot;Novaya Gazeta&quot;. Publishing texts abound manipulative techniques, in particular, appear on the pages of the newspaper articles in which the given statements of opinion leaders; published materials reviewers, in which they do not just describe what happens, but give them a sufficiently unambiguous, evaluation; edition abounds materials aimed at readers emotional response, which also has some effect on the opinions and estimates of the audience.</p><p>2 . Materials &quot;Rossiyskaya Gazeta&quot; also have an impact on the opinions and perceptions of the audience. To do this, the authors emphasize the texts praising &quot; their candidate &quot;, emphasize its importance and decisive leadership . Plant and equipment , which are used browsers are: a statement of fact ; in favor of VV Putin expressed in the pages of opinion leaders , people with certain established reputation ; &quot;RG&quot; used a consistent way the information is presented , due to what the reader was supposed to emerge a detailed picture of the activities of the Prime Minister.</p><p>3 . Important role in the implementation of the manipulative effects play titles. In addition to information, which is embedded in them, they have a particular hue and estimated in advance assessment form in the reader&#39;s mind.</p><p>4 . Also, we believe it is necessary to note the fact that, according to studies, the largest percentage of the information field in the pre-election period it belonged V.V. &nbsp;Putin , which played an important role in his victory in the election for the President of the Russian Federation.</p><p>So we have seen that the means of manipulation are universal and do not depend on the