Peculiarities of Innovation Government Policy in the Sphere of Education in Different Countries

The development of contemporary socio-economic relationships is closely associated with the idea of a knowledge-based economy and innovation model of development, where highly qualified specialists are considered a key economic resource. This belief is reflected in innovation policies of many countries aimed at modernization of national educational systems. This research identifies five main tendencies prevailing in the sphere of higher education and examines the measures of innovation educational policy that can be used in order to increase the efficiency of tertiary education within each tendency. The main features of the unique innovation educational policy of the USA were identified. It was followed by the analysis of the features of the European educational policy, which is carried out within the framework of the Bologna process. The research includes an in-depth study of the Russian innovation educational policy. By means of the analytical smoothing time series, the dynamics of several indicators characterizing the efficiency of the Russian system of higher education was investigated and their further value was estimated within the next 2 to 4 years. The results of the research allowed to develop a rating of countries by the efficiency of the modernization of higher education. This rating was made by means of total rating and includes 9 indicators. The statistical data were derived from annual reports of international organizations like OECD, UNESCO and from statistical digest published by HSE. The rating includes 32 European countries, Russia and the USA. It was detected that much success in the modernization of tertiary education in 2010 was achieved by Switzerland. Russia occupied the lowest position after Romania, which evidences the fragmentariness of the Russian educational policy. In the future with more necessary information available the rating can be improved increasing its reliability.