Bashkirs as a Part of Djuch's Yulus

The topic of studying the Bashkir people as part of the Ulus of Jochi is relevant in modern historical science. This is due, firstly, to the collapse of the USSR and the “search for the roots” of nations, which is being carried out in the Turkic-speaking states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan), which continue to remain part of the Russian Federation: Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. All peoples and countries that became part of the Mongol Empire were involved in global Eurasian processes that determined the further course of history. With regard to the interaction of the Bashkirs while they were part of the Mongol Empire, and then the Golden Horde (Ulus of Jochi), the basic principles of political, legal and social life were laid down, which determined the direction of the further development of Bashkir society. The question of the role and position of the Bashkirs in the administrative-territorial and legal system of the Jochi ulus has not been the subject of independent research, although it has been touched upon in one way or another in many works by researchers on the history and archeology of the Golden Horde period. The object of the study is written historical sources and research work aimed at studying the issue of interaction of the Bashkirs as part of the Ulus of Jochi. The subject of the study is the study of the history of the Bashkir people as part of the Golden Horde, with a focus on the time period when they were part of the Ulus of Jochi, as well as consideration of issues of vassalage, sociocultural interactions and other aspects arising from historical sources. Purpose of the work: on the basis of written historical sources and literature, to determine promising directions for further study of the history of the Bashkir people as part of the Golden Horde (Ulus of Jochi). To achieve this goal, the following tasks were identified: 1. Clarification of the information potential of written historical sources for studying the position of the Bashkir people as part of the Ulus of Jochi; 2. Based on the analysis of historiographical materials, establish which main problems in the history of the Bashkir people during the period of vassal dependence on the Great Mongol Empire and the Ulus of Jochi were resolved and which were not (and why); 3. Determine the main directions for further study of the situation of the Bashkir people during the Golden Horde period. Unfortunately, there are few scientific research works and monographs on the history of the Bashkirs during the period of Horde rule. Mainly, articles were studied within the framework of local history analysis of the territory of the Southern Urals. The historiography of the research problem is presented in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern literature. The chronological scope of the study is limited to the 13th–17th centuries. The starting date is due to the establishment of Horde dependence over the Bashkir tribes, the final date is the fall of the Golden Horde and liberation from dependence.