The Instrument of Proxy Wars in the Framework of the Conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia 1979 - 2023

This paper examines the instrumental role of proxy wars in the ongoing conflict between Iran and Saudi Arabia from 1979 to 2023 within the framework of international relations. The study explores the roots of the conflict, the definition and implications of proxy wars, and the historical development of proxy conflicts in the Middle East. It analyzes how shifts in regional dynamics, ideological differences, and external interventions have influenced the evolution and intensity of proxy warfare between the two countries. Drawing on neorealism and structural realism theories, the paper investigates the strategic motivations and behaviors of Iran and Saudi Arabia in engaging in proxy wars. Case studies of conflicts in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen provide insights into the complex nature of proxy warfare and its impact on regional stability. The research concludes by highlighting the importance of understanding proxy conflicts in the context of broader geopolitical dynamics and recommends further study to explore diplomatic solutions to mitigate the ongoing tensions in the Middle East.