Geopolitical Dynamics of the Arctic: An Analysis of Emerging Actors and Their Strategies for the Region

Abstract Summary: In a brief summary, this thesis carefully takes a look the increasing involvement of non-Arctic states in the Arctic region. For supporting that it is analyzing the strategic motivations and the follow-up actions of four states, respectively: China, India, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, particularly within the context of Arctic governance. The main reasoning behind that specific choice of states is that these four countries have emerged as significant actors in the geopolitical dynamics, especially in the region. Furthermore, their unique combination of economic capabilities, scientific expertise, and strategic interests provides a very broad but at the same time pretty comprehensive perspective on the diverse motivations and approaches of non-Arctic states in general. Examining how non-Arctic states use their observer position at the Arctic Council to promote their geopolitical and economic interests, this paper is taking into account the increasing geopolitical importance mainly due to dramatic environmental changes and its rich natural resources. In a search for gratifying the set objectives/tasks, the thesis utilizes various of qualitative research methods, most notably content and event analysis, to examine official documents, diplomatic interactions, and policy statements. All this is in order to reveal the evolving strategies of these states. Moreover, the study is meticulously designed to be blending both an analysis of past historical interactions in the region with the last decades of rather intricate geopolitical dynamics. The thesis’s specific focus is on the time period between 2013 and 2022. Some of the main findings suggest a significant rise in the engagement of non-Arctic countries, and this is mainly motivated by both conventional economic incentives, such as ensuring access to new trade routes and resources, as well as emerging newer environmental and scientific objectives. Also, in addition, these states, fortunately, contribute significantly to Arctic research and are vital part of international discussions on environmental preservation and sustainable development. The analysis suggests that non-Arctic governments, while not having the same level of influence as Arctic nations, are still significantly impacting regional governance and are the cause of changes in traditional power dynamics through their increasing participation and involvement. In the meantime, this study also presents a perspective on the intersection of geopolitical strategy and environmental policy. The research sheds light on the many diverse motivations and behaviors of non-Arctic governments, enhancing the understanding of Arctic geopolitics. It also emphasizes the importance of inclusive governance frameworks in effectively managing the complex and ever-changing interactions in the region. Key words: Arctic, Arctic policy, Arctic Geopolitics, Non-Arctic State, China, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, Strategy, Arctic Governance, Geopolitical Dynamics, Climate/Environmental change, International Relations.