Collective Memory and National Identity: a Cross-Regional Study of Russian National Heroes Narratives

Abstract This thesis explores how narratives of Russian national heroes contribute to the formation of collective memory and national identity across different regions in Russia. By examining the regional narratives of Alexander Nevsky, Yuri Gagarin, Elena Bonner, and Svetlana Alexievich, the study aims to uncover the diverse ways in which these figures are remembered and celebrated, and how these differences reflect and shape regional identities and collective memory. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the research reveals significant regional variations in the narratives of these national heroes. In northwestern Russia, Alexander Nevsky is celebrated for his military leadership against Western invaders, while in central Russia, his sainthood and diplomatic efforts are emphasized. Yuri Gagarin’s narrative differs between urban and rural areas, with urban narratives focusing on his achievements in space exploration and rural narratives highlighting his humble origins and personal journey. Elena Bonner’s portrayal varies between regions with different political histories, with her activism against authoritarianism emphasized in regions with a history of political repression, and her broader impact on human rights emphasized in major cities. Svetlana Alexievich’s reception varies across regions, with western regions being more receptive to her critical perspective on Soviet history than central and eastern regions. These variations reflect the historical, cultural, and political contexts of each region, demonstrating how regional identities and experiences shape the collective memory and narratives of national heroes. The findings underscore the complexity of collective memory and national identity in Russia, highlighting the need for a nuanced understanding that acknowledges regional diversity. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex processes that shape regional and national identities through the narratives of national heroes, offering valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and scholars interested in collective memory and national identity