Historical Genesis of the Syrian Conflict (2011–2020)

The Syrian conflict (2011 - present) is a turning point in the process of historical development not only of the Syrian Arab Republic and the Middle East region, but also of international relations. The idea of this study is to analyze the political and economic prerequisites of the crisis, with an emphasis on the deep foreign policy context, its course and consequences for Syrian society. The author proposes a historical periodization of the conflict in accordance with the chronology of its development. The work can be considered relevant, since at present the Syrian crisis is not fully completed and a comprehensive analysis is needed to understand the historical genesis of this conflict, taking into account current problems of the ongoing confrontation. The work proposes to consider the well-known events of the conflict through the prism of the role of the political leader in it, which gives a certain idea of the logic of the actions of the head of the Syrian State Bashar al-Assad and the country's leadership both in the pre-conflict period and at the stage of open armed confrontation. The study was carried out using a systematic approach using general scientific and specialized methods: historical-genetic, chronological-problematic, comparative-historical and content analysis methods. In the course of the work, the prerequisites for the emergence and genesis of the Syrian crisis, cause-and-effect relationships at its main stages were identified, the influence of an external factor on the evolution of the conflict was determined and the prospects for its completion were assessed.