The Role of Miko Shrine Maidens in Shintoism: Origins and Modern Time

Miko (Jap. 巫女) is a term used in Shinto to refer to women who fulfill the role of priestesses in Shinto shrines. In ancient times, miko acted as an intermediary between humans and deities, conveying the messages of the gods to humans. However, the role and responsibilities of miko in Shintoism have changed over time. This study examines the changing role of the miko over time, as well as the changing image of the miko in contemporary Japanese society. The purpose of the study is to identify the major changes in the image and role of the miko in the religious rituals and traditions of Shintoism. The study revealed that the role of the miko in Shinto practices has changed significantly from antiquity when the institution of temple priestesses emerged. The study concluded that in antiquity up to the 12th century, miko had high social status and even participated in political decision-making. In modern times, miko have lost much of their sacred significance. Nowadays, the performance of miko duties is considered more as a temporary part-time job. Key words: miko, Shinto, religion, shrine attendant, Japanese society, modernity.