Expression of Metastasis Markers in Bladder Cancer

The purpose of the study is to search and determine the clinical and biological significance of genetic markers of metastasis in patients with bladder cancer. Given that bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer in the world and has a high tendency to metastasize, especially in developed countries, the study is expected to make a significant contribution to basic and practical oncology. The work uses data from patients with bladder cancer. This data includes a gene expression profile as well as disease staging information. The methodological approach combines R and Python programming, statistical analysis, and review of scientific articles to identify the clinical and biological significance of the identified biomarkers. This allows for in-depth bioinformatic analysis of the expression of metastasis markers and assessment of their biological and clinical significance. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the primary detection of metastasis markers for bladder cancer. The identified markers include genes associated with increased and decreased expression in various biological pathways such as focal adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interactions, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway and cytochrome P450 oxidation, opening new possibilities for development of targeted therapy and test systems to determine a group of metastasis markers. The scientific and practical significance of the work is expressed in the potential to use the results obtained to improve the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of bladder cancer, which can significantly increase the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches and improve the prognosis for patients. The obtained metastasis markers can become the basis for the development of new targeted therapy methods, facilitating a personalized approach in the treatment of bladder cancer.