Development of Recommendations for Improving the Organization of Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Various Modes of Transport

Transport plays a significant role in logistics and in the economy of the state as a whole, as it connects individual economic regions, industrial enterprises, commercial companies and firms. By moving finished products and material resources from the sphere of production to the sphere of personal or industrial consumption, transport thus participates in the distribution of material goods. Freight transportation, today, is a dynamically developing sphere of services in the Russian market, this is due to the general growth of the economy in the state. Every day there is an increase in the needs of freight transportation, which entails increased competition in the field of transport and forwarding services. Companies engaged in freight transportation are trying to expand their range of services offered while reducing costs, thereby increasing profits. For customers of transport services, the task is to choose the optimal carrier that is suitable for the activities of their organization. At the same time, the type and type of transport used for delivery, the cost of services provided and the quality of the work performed are taken into account. As a rule, most transport companies in Russia carry out transportation by road. Motor transport accounts for about 80% of all transportation carried out by commercial companies. Given the realities, it is worth noting that most transport companies cannot effectively use vehicles over long distances due to the fact that most routes are pendulum routes with reverse idle mileage. This explains that many motor transport companies in Russia are regional and carry out deliveries only over short distances. These circumstances form the relevance of the study. In order to increase the efficiency of delivery processes, in addition to the technical improvement of road transport and loading and unloading facilities, it is necessary to consider alternative delivery routes, with the creation of new routes and the use of rail transport. This type of transport, despite the fact that it is slower compared to automobile, has a number of advantages. It does not depend on weather conditions and is able to deliver cargo over long distances without interruption. The above arguments emphasize the relevance of the topic of my graduation project. The purpose of the thesis is to develop measures to improve the efficiency of the delivery process at a transport enterprise. The object of research in the work is the freight forwarding company LLC "Transport", the subject of the study is the organization of freight transportation. The company name and information about it are confidential at the request of the organization. It was revealed that about 3% of "Transport" orders are related to transportation to the city of Yekaterinburg, but the company does not fulfill these orders using its own transport, but resorts to transportation through intermediaries, which significantly reduces profits and increases transport costs. A number of measures have been proposed that would improve the delivery process on the St. Petersburg - Yekaterinburg route. First of all, an analysis of the external environment and risks was carried out. Using the method of expert assessments, it was revealed that the main risk when working on the St. Petersburg - Yekaterinburg route is increased competition. Consequently, managers need to work in the direction of finding customers who need delivery to Yekaterinburg. The advantage of the company is that it has a representative office in this city. 3 delivery options were proposed, 2 of which using rail transport. With the help of the Savage criterion, the optimal delivery option was determined, which was delivery by rail using motor vehicles, since delivery should be carried out "door to door".