Changes in Life Expectancy in Russian Settlements in the Period 2011-2021, Taking into Account

The paper considers trends in life expectancy in settlements of different population ranks in the period 2011-2021, taking into account the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data on the average annual population and the number of deaths for all cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people were used as input data for the study (cities with population >100 thousand people were considered as such as of 2016 as well as the population of the Russian Federation as a whole, as reported in the RDoFaM). I constructed mortality tables for estimating the observed life expectancy at birth for settlements of all population categories. In addition, for 2020-2021 the forecasting of mortality rates by the Lee-Carter method was carried out using as the basis 2011-2019 mortality coefficients and constructing mortality tables with predicted values. After that I counted estimation of life expectancy losses in 2020-2021 as the difference between the predicted and observed values. The largest gap in life expectancy between points of neighboring rank is established between capitals and "million-strong" cities. The gap narrowed to a pandemic in men, in women it did not have a clear trend. In addition, a convergence of the value of life expectancy in 2020-2021 in population centers (for most ranks, except capitals). According to the results of age decomposition revealed that the growth of life expectancy in 2011-2019 was due to a decrease in mortality in the population in the settlements (in most ranks, except for the capital cities). It was carried out at the expense of reduction of mortality in the younger and older able-bodied ages, while the decrease of the same indicator in the pandemic was due to an increase in the probability of dying at ages older than working age.