Spatial Patterns of Urban Growth and Urban Heat Islands in the Moscow and Jakarta Metropolitan Areas Over the Last Decade

Urbanization is a major driver of environmental change, with metropolitan areas experiencing rapid growth and transformation in recent years. Due to urban growth, surface temperatures increase, exacerbating the Urban Heat Islands phenomenon with the emergence of new hot areas and the expansion of existing ones. By combining spatial analysis and remote sensing techniques, this study reveals significant differences in the spatial patterns of urban growth and UHI between Moscow and Jakarta Metropolitan Areas. While Moscow's urban growth is characterized by vertical expansion, Jakarta's is marked by horizontal sprawl. The study finds that efficient land use contributes to a lower urban surface temperature, whereas sprawling urban landscape leads to a more dispersed and pronounced intense heat island phenomenon. The results provide valuable insights into the complex relationships between urban growth, spatial structure, and environmental sustainability in these two rapidly urbanizing metropolitan areas. Keywords: Urbanization, Urban Growth Patterns, Land Surface Temperature, Urban Heat Islands.