The Relationship of Personal Characteristics of Schoolchildren with Indicators of the Formation of Proactive Behavior (Agency)

This research paper examines the impact of participation in extracurricular activities, in particular, school self-government and initiative budgeting, on the formation of proactivity and independence among schoolchildren. The paper notes that schoolchildren who take part in such activities demonstrate a higher level of independence (agency) compared to their peers who do not participate in them. The study showed that personal qualities and various forms and levels of participation in these activities affect the development of the agency construct. Using methods such as survey data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling, the study confirms that participation in school self-government and initiative budgeting, as well as the type and frequency of involvement, significantly increase student proactivity. The results highlight the importance of integrating proactive behavior into school curricula to foster strong-minded and proactive students.