Digital transformation of media in the context of influencing political changes in modern democracies: A comparative analysis of South Korea - USA

This master’s thesis focuses on the influence of digital transformation of media on political changes in democratic countires. Digital transformation or digitalization has affected all spheres of society, including media and politics. It has revolutionized the way society communicates and accesses information, making a major impact on the evolving media landscape around the world. Traditional media channels such as newspapers, radio and television are increasingly being replaced by digital platforms such as online media outlets, social media networks and streaming services. This shift has significantly impacted political communication, citizen participation, and governance processes in democratic countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between digitalization of the media and political changes in South Korea and the United States. By comparing these two democracies, the study explores how unique socio-cultural contexts and media ecosystems can shape political dynamics. The analysis focuses on the 2020 US presidential election and the 2022 South Korean presidential election, examining how digital media influenced election campaigns, political debates, and interactions between government and citizens. Theoretical frameworks such as agenda-setting and reverse agenda-setting theories are employed to understand the transformation from traditional gatekeeping roles to a more democratized information flow, where individuals can also become newsmakers. While digital media offers opportunities to increase citizen participation and transparency, it also shows challenges, including the spread of misinformation, fake news, and the creation of filter bubbles and echo chambers. This study highlights the mediatization of politics as the media influences the political landscape, making politicians depend social media for communication. By examining digital media coverage of recent elections in both countries, this study demonstrates the evolving role of digital media in democratic governance and its influence on political participation and public discourse.