Детерминанты развития бизнеса в Афганистане: влияние гендерного и геополитического факторов

Enterprise development is the process of establishing and growing businesses which recognized as a crucial driver of economic growth, poverty reduction, and social progress. The growth of enterprise in Afghanistan has negatively affected by changing of power and conflicts. The country is one of the least developed country in Asia and is under war for decades. The aim of this study is to explore the determinants of enterprises development in Afghanistan with a specific focus on geopolitical and gender factors. In addition, the study focus on the challenges women are facing in businesses environment. Mixed method, combines of quantitative (survey) and qualitative (interview) methods used to explore geopolitical and gender factors in growth of enterprises. The quantitative data were analysed through SPSS and Excel and the qualitative data were analysed through thematic and narrative analysis. This study found that geopolitical and gender factors play significant role in development of Enterprises. In addition, Environmental, foreign investment, trade policies and individual factors provide the greatest impact in growth of Enterprises. Political instability, security threats, lack of foreign investment, lack of access to finance, not allowing women in business environment, and unclear policies are the issues preventing growth of the businesses in Afghanistan. The study concluded that women entrepreneurs significantly contribute to bossiness and economic growth, the challenges caused due to the Taliban governance shocked women/ women entrepreneurs that caused closure of most women owned businesses and excluded them from education. By tackling the recognized obstacles and implementing interventions supported by empirical evidence, policymakers, stakeholders businesses owners can attempt to construct a more robust and equitable business environment growth in Afghanistan.